Evaluation of the Impact of a Tourniquet Training Program: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Among the main preventable causes of death in the area of operations is external exsanguinating hemorrhage in the extremities, hence the importance of the tourniquet as a therapeutic tool in this type of injury and, therefore, of the training of personnel participating in international missions. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of training in the application of this device. This is a quasi-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional study, carried out with 97 healthy volunteers, military personnel who perform their work in the Royal Guard barracks of El Pardo. The study was conducted between June 2019 and July 2021. The correct determination of the device placement site and the times of correct device placement were evaluated by determining whether there was blood flow using Doppler ultrasound measurements. Statistically significant results were obtained for application time (76.68 s to 58.06 s; p < 0.001), correct device placement (p < 0.001), and achievement of complete ischemia in the upper extremity (23.7% pretest vs. 24.7% post-test; p < 0.001). In the lower extremity, after training, longer application duration (43.33 s to 47.30 s) and lower ischemia achievement (59.8% pretest vs. 37.8% post-test) were obtained. Standardized and regulated training improves device application. More intensive training is necessary to obtain better results.

Ceguera y trastornos neurológicos por monóxido de carbono: tratamiento efectivo con oxígeno hiperbárico en dos pacientes pediátricos / Blindness and neurological sequelae following carbon monoxide poisoning: effective treatment with hyperbaric oxygen

Se presentan dos pacientes que desarrollaron deterioro visual debido a una intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Ellos fueron tratados con oxígeno hiperbárico y recuperaron no solo su visión, sino que, además, mejoraron su signo-sintomatología neurológica. Se cree que la implementación de oxígeno hiperbárico, incluso en un período tardío, será efectiva para revertir las secuelas neurológicas.

We present two patients who developed visual deterioration due to carbon monoxide poisoning. They were treated with hyperbaric oxygen and recovered not only their vision but also they improved neurological signs and symptoms. We believe that implementation of hyperbaric oxygen, even in a late period of time will be effective in reversing neurological sequela

[Blindness and neurological sequelae following carbon monoxide poisoning: effective treatment with hyperbaric oxygen]. / Ceguera y trastornos neurológicos por monóxido de carbono: tratamiento efectivo con oxígeno hiperbárico en dos pacientes pediátricos.

We present two patients who developed visual deterioration due to carbon monoxide poisoning. They were treated with hyperbaric oxygen and recovered not only their vision but also they improved neurological signs and symptoms. We believe that implementation of hyperbaric oxygen, even in a late period of time will be effective in reversing neurological sequelae.

Se presentan dos pacientes que desarrollaron deterioro visual debido a una intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. Ellos fueron tratados con oxígeno hiperbárico y recuperaron no solo su visión, sino que, además, mejoraron su signo-sintomatología neurológica. Se cree que la implementación de oxígeno hiperbárico, incluso en un período tardío, será efectiva para revertir las secuelas neurológicas.

The Response Regulator YycF Inhibits Expression of the Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Repressor FabT in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The YycFG (also known as WalRK, VicRK, MicAB, or TCS02) two-component system (TCS) is highly conserved among Gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content. In Streptococcus pneumoniae the YycF response regulator has been reported to be essential due to its control of pcsB gene expression. Previously we showed that overexpression of yycF in S. pneumoniae TIGR4 altered the transcription of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, giving rise to anomalous cell division and increased chain length of membrane fatty acids. Here, we have overexpressed the yycFG system in TIGR4 wild-type strain and yycF in a TIGR4 mutant depleted of YycG, and analyzed their effects on expression of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during activation of the TCS. We demonstrate that transcription of the fab genes and levels of their products were only altered in the YycF overexpressing strain, indicating that the unphosphorylated form of YycF is involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, DNA-binding assays and in vitro transcription experiments with purified YycF and the promoter region of the FabTH-acp operon support a direct inhibition of transcription of the FabT repressor by YycF, thus confirming the role of the unphosphorylated form in transcriptional regulation.

Evidence that the essential response regulator YycF in Streptococcus pneumoniae modulates expression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes and alters membrane composition.

The YycFG two-component system, originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, is highly conserved among gram-positive bacteria with low G+C contents. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, the YycF response regulator has been reported to be essential for cell growth, but the signal to which it responds and the gene members of the regulon remain unclear. In order to investigate the role of YycFG in S. pneumoniae, we increased the expression of yycF by using a maltose-inducible vector and analyzed the genome-wide effects on transcription and protein expression during the course of yycF expression. The induction of yycF expression increased histidine kinase yycG transcript levels, suggesting an autoregulation of the yycFG operon. Evidence from both proteomic and microarray transcriptome studies as well as analyses of membrane fatty acid composition indicated that YycFG is involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways and in determining fatty acid chain lengths in membrane lipids. In agreement with recent transcriptome data on pneumococcal cells depleted of YycFG, we also identified several other potential members of the YycFG regulon that are required for virulence and cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism.